(Mechanisms for challenging university penalties: legal procedures and guarantees) .. 

Universities impose penalties on students in the event that they violate academic regulations, which highlights the importance of stabbing mechanisms as a way to ensure justice and protect students' rights. This study aims to review the legal procedures and guarantees available to challenge university penalties, and to analyze the extent of its effectiveness in achieving a balance between the university’s authority and student rights. .

The procedures that must be followed before imposing the disciplinary punishment:-

1- The dean of the college or the institute in every college of a committee is called (the Student Discipline Committee), pursuant to the provisions of Article (8 / firstly/ A) of the instructions for the discipline of students in the institutions of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research No. (160) for the year 2007 amended by Law No. (169) of 2018, which consists of Mr. (Dean's Assistant) and two members of membersThe teaching staff must be legally, and one of the administrative employees is assigned to the committee2- The committee undertakes the investigation editorial with the violating student who is referred to it and has in order to perform its mission to hear and write down the student’s statements and witnesses, and edit a report proving the measures she took and the sayings she heard with her causing recommendations. 

3- If it is proven to the investigation committee after completing the procedures of its investigations and reaching the results, if the student’s action constitutes a violation of the disciplinary instructions, then it recommends one of the penalties prescribed in the instructions of students ’discipline that is appropriate to the body of the action committed, either proves the action, or that it did not rise to a violation, it recommends that the student not hold accountable and close the investigationAnd all this is raised to the authority that the student referred to, and if it sees that if he did a crime, he has the right to refer him to the competent court. 

4- The recommendations of the committee are approved by the imposition of the punishment by the college council or the institute, and the council is authorized to authorize its validity to the dean of the college or the institute in accordance with the provisions of Article (10) of the instructions for the discipline of students, as well as no digestive punishment may not be imposed by the Student Discipline Committee in accordance with the provisions of Article (9) of the aforementioned instructions.The mechanism of stabbing the disciplinary penalties imposed on students:First - The most objected to decisions is submitted to a committee formed at the university consisting of a president with the rank of (Professor) and (4) members of the teaching degree (Assistant Professor), one of whom specializes in the law during (30) days of the date of the penalty for the penalty pursuant to the provisions of Article (16) of Law No. (17) of 2024 the ninth amendment law of the Ministry of MinistryHigher Education and Scientific Research No. (40) of 1988.Second - A committee consists of a president with the rank of (Professor) and membership (6) members of the teaching staff shall be formed at the degree of the degree (Assistant Professor). 

Third - Initial and higher studies in universities, colleges, or private institutes are subject to the same instructions and controls in force in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, pursuant to the provisions of Article (10) of the National Higher Education Law No. (25) of 2016. 

Mustafa Ezzat Majeed

Assistant private law teacher 

Rafidain University - College of Law